1. Main Fault Characteristics of Mechatronics Equipment

　　1.1 Fault Characteristics of Mechanical Equipment

　　Generally speaking, there may be many factors that can cause mechanical failure. The causes of the failure may be only one aspect, or may include many reasons. Therefore, in the diagnosis must be as careful as possible. We all know that mechanical rotation is not the same, the time is different, the formation of data will be different. Essentially, the particularity of mechanical equipment is obvious. In view of the whole operation process, we can not simply judge one point. In addition, from the system point of view, the failure of mechanical equipment is not regular, and often random, with the characteristics of fuzziness and discontinuity. Therefore, in the process of diagnosis, must be combined with a variety of circumstances to take integrated measures.

　　1.2 Fault Characteristics of Electronic Equipment

　　Generally speaking, the composition of mechatronics equipment mainly includes two parts: mechanical and electronic. In the process of analyzing the characteristics of mechanical faults, we should consider and analyze some faults in electronic equipment. Generally speaking, the characteristics of electronic equipment faults are sudden and concealed. Because of the influence of external environment, there are some other characteristics of mechatronics equipment faults, which are beyond the distance between mechanical equipment and electronic equipment. For example, once the machine does not work or does not operate according to the formulated action, in many cases, people often think that it is a mechanical part of the problem, but in the actual work, usually caused by the electrical and electronic part of the fault.

　　1.3 Classification of Common Faults of Mechatronics Equipment

　　(1) Destructive faults and non-destructive faults are classified according to whether or not the faults destroy the workpiece and machine tool. [1] Compared with destructive faults, damage faults are very common in fault classification. It is forbidden to repair damaged workpieces or even machine tools when they fail. As for non-destructive faults, timely measures should be taken to solve this problem.

　　(2) System faults and accidental faults. This is divided into systematic probabilities. Systematic faults mainly refer to uncertain faults caused by satisfying certain conditions first. Random faults occur under the same conditions. Generally speaking, it is difficult to analyze random faults in analysis. Generally, it is only after repeated tests that comprehensive judgement can be made and the elimination of faults can be ensured.

　　(3) Diagnostic index fault and no index fault. This is divided by whether the fault has instructions and alarms. Usually, as far as the control system of the equipment is concerned, the advanced mechatronics equipment usually has a self-diagnostic program, which can monitor all the software and hardware performance of the whole system well. Once a fault occurs, it will alarm itself in the first time, and it will be displayed on the screen. We should cooperate actively with the system equipped with diagnostic manuals to analyze and judge the causes of the faults in the machinery. At the same time, we should adopt certain methods to eliminate the faults in the prompt. In addition, the lack of diagnostic instructions is generally caused by the incomplete diagnosis described above. The main reason for this failure is that the maintenance personnel are not skilled enough and do not have the proper technical level.

　　2.Fault Diagnosis Method of Mechatronics Equipment

　　Because the mechatronics equipment itself has certain uniqueness, in the process of fault analysis, we must actively change the way of thinking. Firstly, it is necessary to analyze the mechatronics equipment thoroughly and carefully. At the same time, it is necessary to be familiar with the framework of each function template, strictly follow the combined form of each part of the function, analyze the possible forms of failure, and carefully analyze and judge the degree of impact. If necessary, it is necessary to carry out fault analysis, based on the basic phenomena when the fault occurs, to study the logical relationship between the fault forms, and to analyze the reliability factors, so as to truly explore the essence and origin of the fault. In the process of developing specific diagnosis, we need to pay close attention to the following points:

　　(1) Electricity comes first. Generally speaking, the mechanical structure has the characteristics of intuition. First of all, we can judge and analyze the apparent fault phenomena by our naked eyes. For example, the phenomena of deformation, fracture and stuck are analyzed. Generally speaking, we should start with the mechanical aspect and carefully check the failure of the mechanical part.

　　(2) Internal and external. All components, including actuators, control elements and driving elements, should be checked internally and externally, especially to find out the source of the fault.

　　(3) First rod, then leaf. It is necessary to analyze the main components, distinguish the primary and secondary contradictions, and then analyze the secondary components, especially the key content. It is necessary to focus on the analysis of parts and interface components. In the process of analysis, we must distinguish the primary and secondary order.

      3. Reliability Analysis and Measures of Mechatronics Equipment

　　Mechatronics equipment itself has the function of automation, has very complex structure content, and different systems will have different requirements, some of which centralize different types of power or power devices. Therefore, the system reliability requirements are very high. Generally speaking, as far as the main system of mechatronics equipment is concerned, it has extremely complex reliability. In terms of its relationship with working conditions, external environment and operating conditions, it is very close. Therefore, in order to promote the reliability of the whole machine to be satisfied as a whole, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the situation at that time, and at the same time to avoid the overload of the machine. In order to ensure the stability of the machine, it is necessary to timely repair some weak links in the machine, so that the configuration can be greatly enhanced under the corresponding conditions.

　　3.2 Measures to Improve the Reliability of Mechatronics Equipment

　　From the development level of CNC machine tools and machining centers, now it has been fully computerized and become a real-time control system. Its reliability can generally be achieved by two methods: one is to use components with high reliability in design, and to locate the fault location by diagnostic method once the system has a fault, while quickly eliminating it. At this time, it is usually necessary to interrupt the normal operation of the system. First, with the help of fault-tolerant technology, when necessary, a highly reliable system combination can be carried out for important parts by means of redundancy design. The reliability of mechatronics equipment can also be obtained by other means, such as improving the accuracy of mechanical operation, control and processing. Traditional machinery can be improved by means of precision machinery. Microcomputer and PLC can be used in circuit control, and advanced numerical control devices can be used for control.